IPv6: How to configure static and DHCP IP addressing and deal with DNS

IPv6 offers several ways that aren't possible in IPv4 to assign IP addresses, and DNS set-up has differences as well.

IPv6 wireless network protocol
Mikko Lemola / Getty Images

As IP engineering science has matured, the range of devices that the net protocol supports goes well across computers to include cell phones, amusement systems, and Internet of Things (IoT) devices, which created the need for more IP addresses and the development of IPv6 to provide them.

With more than and more device types requiring network connectivity, the demand for addresses in an IPv4-based network is at a premium. It can provide somewhere south of 4,294,967,296 unique addresses. IPv6, on the other manus, can yield roughly three.iv×x38, which should exist ample for a very long time.

IPv6 also includes performance enhancements like refined multicasting, stateless address autoconfiguration (SLAAC), simplified headers to streamline router processing, and the choice to allow larger packets. Security also gets a potential boost in IPv6 with IPSec, which was initially built for IPv6 and then retrofitted for IPv4.

Dealing with IPv6 includes familiarizing yourself with two important IP concepts: DHCP and DNS. Here are tips on both.

Key IPv6 addressing concepts

IPv6 addressing inside a network has a few major differences from IPv4. With IPv4 sure address ranges are reserved for individual networks (such as ten.0.0.0/viii or 192.168.0.0/xvi) and link-local addressing without dynamic host configuration protocol (DHCP) (169.254.0.0/xvi).

DHCP automatically assigns IP addresses and distributes other information to hosts on a network and then they can communicate with other endpoints. At the same time, past assigning active IP addresses but to active devices, DHCP tin reuse them to assist conserve IPv4 addresses. IPv6 has like concepts simply refines each idea a little further.

Link-local addresses in IPv6 exist on each interface, regardless of whether the interface has an address assigned from DHCP or is configured using another method. Link-local IPv6 addresses take a prefix of fe80::/10 and a 64-flake suffix which can be computed and managed by the host itself without requiring additional networking components. IPv6 hosts can verify the uniqueness of their link-local addresses through a neighbour discovery process, which reaches out to the local network in order to verify that the address is not already in use.

Once a link-local address has been established, the IPv6 host attempts to determine if an IPv6-capable router is bachelor through the use of a router solicitation message. If an IPv6 router is available it will answer with a router advertisement, which includes network configuration information such as a network prefix that is used for automatic accost configuration using SLAAC or whether the host should obtain additional configuration information from a DHCPv6 server.

Configuring a Static IPv6 address in Windows

Typical to Windows, there are three ways to configure a static IPv6 address for a network adapter, all of which work in Windows 10 and in both Windows Server 2016 and 2019. The first style uses the classic Control Panel method as follows.

From the Command Console, navigate to Network and Internet, Network and Sharing Heart, so choose the Change adapter settings link in the left panel. (You lot can shortcut all the clicking by searching for "View Network Connections" from the Start Menu or the Search bar).

Once yous locate the network adapter y'all wish to configure, you can view the properties and locate the Internet Protocol Version 6 (TCP/IPv6) node and configure the backdrop for the IPv6 protocol. Every bit with IPv4 you tin can set the adapter to obtain the IPv6 address automatically or configure your ain IPv6 address, subnet, default gateway, and DNS server information. If yous need to set up multiple IPv6 addresses this tin exist accomplished by clicking the Advanced push button.

The second method of setting a static IP address involves the more modern Settings application. In Settings go to Network & Cyberspace and click the Properties button for the interface you wish to configure. Click the Edit push under IP settings, change the configuration type to Manual, enable IPv6, and populate your settings.

The third way is to use the Windows PowerShell command-line interface. In social club to set a static IPv6 accost using the New-NetIPAddress cmdlet you will need either the name or the numeric index of the adapter you wish to configure. Both of these values are available using the Get-NetAdapter cmdlet. From an administrative PowerShell prompt enter one of the post-obit commands (on a unmarried line) replacing the details equally necessary for your environment:

New-NetIPAddress -InterfaceIndex x -IPAddress fd3a:5e94:ff1e:a286::2 -PrefixLength 64 -DefaultGateway fd3a:5e94:ff1e:a286::i

or

New-NetIPAddress -InterfaceAlias "Local Expanse Connection" -IPAddress fd3a:5e94:ff1e:a286::ii -PrefixLength 64 -DefaultGateway fd3a:5e94:ff1e:a286::ane

Managing IPv6 Addressing for a Windows Network

Static IP addresses are by and large OK to use when the device is hosting a disquisitional network service that requires retaining a consistent network address, simply for general apply you'll want to take a mode to automate accost configuration.

In an IPv4 network DHCP is the obvious answer for IP configuration and tin likewise provide disquisitional networking details such as the default gateway or DNS-server addresses through DHCP options. IPv6 offers three potential scenarios for managing addressing and network configuration.

SLAAC is a straightforward option assuming your router supports the advisable router-advertisement messages. DHCP is certainly however in play to handle stateful addressing in the form of DHCPv6. You can also potentially have a hybrid scenario where your router handles addressing, and DHCPv6 only provides the relevant network-configuration details.

In Windows Server 2016 and 2019, configuring DHCPv6 is extremely straightforward. If your router is configured to handle router advertisements and addressing through SLAAC you can merely manage the IPv6 server options to configure DNS servers or other options. If yous adopt to roll with stateful addressing you tin add one or more DHCPv6 scopes and configure a prefix, any exclusions, and lease durations. DHCPv6 scopes volition maintain a list of leases and their expirations just as an IPv4 scope would, and they as well provide an easy path for creating IPv6 reservations from existing leases.

Setting up DNS Name Resolution for IPv6

DNS is incredibly important in an IPv6 network, even moreso than in an IPv4 network because trying to configure connectivity and access resources using merely IPv6 addresses is deadline insane. The biggest difference to note in regard to using DNS with IPv6 is that the IPv4 A records, which convert a fully qualified domain name (FQDN) to an IPv4 address, are replaced by AAAA (quad-A) records. All other record types such every bit CNAME, MX, NS, SOA, and the various DNSSEC-related record types merely reference the FQDN of the AAAA record. Opposite lookup zones, which are used to detect a hostname from an IP address, are different in IPv6 simply because they are built on the IP address construction, but the process of creating and using these zones are functionally identical.

The DNS server office in Windows Server supports both IPv4 and IPv6 through a similar fix of tools and processes. Every bit with A records, AAAA records tin can either be created manually for critical systems or the dynamic update process can be leveraged to manage DNS records for the entire enterprise.

AAAA records can be manually created using the DNS console through the aforementioned process as A records: Right click the required DNS zone, select the New Host (A or AAAA) option, and populate the Host name and IP accost. Dynamic updates are enabled through the DNS console, just most of the work is washed past DHCP; the update procedure is configured within the DHCP panel and updates are performed past the DHCP client service on individual hosts. Dynamic updates can as well be manually initiated from the command line using the ipconfig command with the /registerdns switch.

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Tim Ferrill is an IT professional and writer living in Southern California, with a focus on Windows, Windows Phone, and Windows Server.

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